Lower limb
Muscles and bones
Lower limb anatomy in 3D:
ligaments and bones
The bones of the lower limb with the ligaments of the hip, knee, ankle and foot joints.
The hip joint is reinforced by the iliofemoral, pubofemoral and ischiofemoral ligaments. The knee is stabilised by the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, the medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the menisci, and the ankle by the deltoid ligament medially and the lateral ligament complex.
Systems in this model
- Bones
- Ligaments
Structures in this model (293)
Bones (203)
- Lumbar Vertebra, L1
- Lumbar Vertebra, L2
- Lumbar Vertebra, L3
- Lumbar Vertebra, L4
- Lumbar Vertebra, L5
- Sacrum
- Coccyx, 1
- Coccyx, 2
- Coccyx, 3
- Coccyx, 4
- Hip bone, Right
- Femur, Right
- Patella, Right
- Tibia, Right
- Fibula, Right
- Talus, Right
- Calcaneus, Right
- Navicular, Right
- Cuboid, Right
- Lateral Cuneiform, Right
- Intermediate Cuneiform, Right
- Medial Cuneiform, Right
- 1st Metatarsal, Right
- 2nd Metatarsal, Right
- 3rd Metatarsal, Right
- 4th Metatarsal, Right
- 5th Metatarsal, Right
- Sesamoid, Right Foot
- 1st Proximal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 2nd Proximal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 3rd Proximal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 4th Proximal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 5th Proximal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 2nd Middle Phalanx, Right Foot
- 3rd Middle Phalanx, Right Foot
- 4th Middle Phalanx, Right Foot
- 5th Middle Phalanx, Right Foot
- 1st Distal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 2nd Distal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 3rd Distal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 4th Distal Phalanx, Right Foot
- 5th Distal Phalanx, Right Foot
- Accessory process
- Costal process
- Inferior articular facet
- Inferior articular process
- Inferior vertebral notch
- Intervertebral surface
- Lamina of the vertebral arch
- Mammillary process
- Pedicle
- Spinous process
- Superior articular facet
- Superior articular process
- Superior vertebral notch
- Vertebral body
- Vertebral foramen
- Anterior sacral foramen
- Apex of sacrum
- Auricular surface
- Base of sacrum
- Coccygeal cornu
- Coccyx
- Lateral sacral crest
- Medial (Intermediate) sacral crest
- Median sacral crest
- Posterior sacral foramen
- Promontory
- Sacral canal
- Sacral cornu
- Sacral hiatus
- Sacral tuberosity
- Superior articular facet
- Superior articular process
- Transverse line
- Tranverse process
- Wing
- Intervertebral foramen
- Sacroiliac joint
- Acetabular fossa
- Acetabular margin
- Acetabular notch
- Acetabulum
- Anterior gluteal line
- Anterior inferior iliac spine
- Anterior superior iliac spine
- Arcuate line
- Auricular surface
- Body of ischium
- Body of pubis
- Gluteal surface
- Greater sciatic notch
- Iliac crest
- Iliac fossa
- Iliac tubercle
- Iliac tuberosity
- Iliac wing (Ala of ilium)
- Iliopubic eminence
- Inferior gluteal line
- Inferior pubic ramus
- Inner lip
- Ischial spine
- Ischial tuberosity
- Lesser sciatic notch
- Lunate surface
- Obturator foramen
- Outer lip
- Pectineal line (Pecten pubis)
- Posterior inferior iliac spine
- Posterior superior iliac spine
- Pubic tubercle
- Ramus of ischium
- Superior pubic ramus
- Symphyseal surface
- Adductor tubercle
- Fovea of femur head
- Gluteal tuberosity
- Greater trochanter
- Head of femur
- Intercondylar fossa
- Intercondylar line
- Intertrochanteric crest
- Intertrochanteric line
- Lateral condyle
- Lateral epicondyle (femur)
- Lateral supracondylar line
- Lesser trochanter
- Linea aspera (lateral lip)
- Linea aspera (medial lip)
- Medial condyle
- Medial epicondyle (femur)
- Medial supracondylar line
- Neck of femur
- Patellar surface
- Pectineal line
- Popliteal surface
- Shaft of femur
- Trochanteric fossa
- Anterior surface
- Apex of patella
- Base of patella
- Lateral articular facet
- Medial articular facet
- Anterior border
- Articular facet of medial melleolus
- Fibular articular facet
- Fibular notch
- Inferior articular surface
- Intercondylar eminence
- Interosseous border
- Lateral condyle of tibia
- Lateral surface
- Malleolar sulcus
- Medial border
- Medial condyle of tibia
- Medial malleolus
- Medial surface
- Nutrient foramen
- Oblique line
- Posterior surface
- Soleal (popliteal) line
- Superior articular surface (medial facet)
- Superior articular surface (lateral facet)
- Tibial tuberosity
- Anterior border
- Apex
- Articular facet for tibia
- Head of Fibula
- Interosseous border
- Articular surface of lateral malleolus
- Lateral malleolus
- Lateral surface
- Malleolar fossa
- Medial crest
- Medial surface
- Neck of fibula
- Posterior border
- Posterior surface
- Talocrural (Mortise) joint
- Base of 1st metatarsal
- Base of 2nd proximal phalanx
- Body of 1st metatarsal
- Body of 2nd proximal phalanx
- Calcaneal tuberosity
- Groove for fibularis (peroneus) longus tendon
- Head of 1st metatarsal
- Head of 2nd proximal phalanx
- Head of talus
- Lateral process of calcaneal tuberosity
- Lateral tubercle of talus
- Medial process of calcaneal tuberosity
- Medial tubercle of talus
- Neck of talus
- Peroneal (Fibular) trochlea
- Subtalar joint
- Sustentaculum tali
- Tarsal sinus
- Tarsometatarsal joint
- Transverse tarsal joint
- Trochlea of talus
- Tuberosity of 5th metatarsal
- Tuberosity of cuboid
- Tuberosity of navicular
Ligaments (90)
- Posterior sacroiliac ligaments
- Anterior sacroiliac ligaments
- Iliolumbar ligaments
- Obturator membrane
- Sacrotuberous ligaments
- Sacrospinous ligaments
- Inguinal ligament
- Pectineal ligament
- Pubic Symphysis
- Transverse ligament (Transverse acetabular ligament)
- Acetabular labrum
- Iliofemoral ligament
- Ischiofemoral ligament
- Pubofemoral ligament
- Synovial membrane (Coxo-femoral)
- Ligament of head of femur
- Patellar ligament
- Lateral patellar retinaculum
- Medial patellar retinaculum
- Lateral collateral ligament
- Antero lateral ligament “ALL” (part of the lateral collateral ligament)
- Tibial collateral ligament
- Oblique popliteal ligament
- Arcuate popliteal ligament
- Joint capsule of the knee
- Posterior meniscofemoral ligament
- Anterior cruciate ligament
- Posterior cruciate ligament
- Lateral meniscus
- Medial meniscus
- Transverse ligament of knee
- Proximal Tibiofibular ligament
- Tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle (rectus)
- Tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle (vastus lateralis)
- Tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle (vastus medialis)
- Tendon of the semimembranosus muscle
- Tendon of the popliteus muscle
- Interosseous membrane of the leg
- Anterior Tibiofibular ligament
- Posterior Tibiofibular ligament
- Posterior Talofibular ligament
- Posterior Talocalcaneal ligament
- Medial Talocalcaneal ligament
- Flexor Retinaculum
- Deltoid ligament - Anterior Tibiotalar ligament
- Deltoid ligament - Tibionavicular part
- Deltoid ligament - Tibiocalcaneal part
- Deltoid ligament - Posterior Tibiotalar part
- Superior fibular retinaculum
- Calcaneofibular ligament
- Interosseous Talocalcaneal ligament
- Anterior Talofibular ligament
- Dorsal Talonavicular ligament
- Bifurcate ligament - Calcaneonavicular
- Bifurcate ligament - Calcaneocuboid
- Dorsal Cuboideonavicular ligament
- Dorsal Cuneonavicular ligaments
- Dorsal Calcaneocuboid ligament
- Dorsal Cuneocuboid ligament
- Dorsal Intercuneiform ligaments
- Dorsal Tarsometatarsal ligaments
- Plantar Cuboideonavicular ligament
- Plantar Calcaneonavicular ligament
- Plantar Tarsometatarsal ligaments
- Plantar Intermetatarsal ligaments
- Dorsal Intermetatarsal ligaments
- Plantar Aponeurosis
- Long Plantar ligament
- Plantar Calcaneocuboid ligament (Short plantar)
- Transverse fasciculi
- Transverse metatarsal ligaments
- Metatarsophalangeal joint capsule
- Interphalangeal joint capsule
- Iliopectineal bursa
- Trochanteric bursa
- Suprapatellar bursa
- Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa
- Subcutaneous infrapatellar bursa
- Deep subtendinous infrapatellar bursa
- Lateral subtendinous bursa of gastrocnemius muscle
- Medial subtendinous bursa of gastrocnemius muscle
- Anserine bursa
- Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa
- Calcaneal tendon (Achilles)
- Subtendinous bursa of calcaneal tendon
- Lateral malleolus bursa
- Medial malleolus bursa
- Transverse perineal ligament
- Inferior pubic ligament
- Suspensory ligament of penis
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